Optoelectronics & Photonics

01

Fundamentals of Optoelectronics

• Why Optoelectronics?
• Direct vs. Indirect Bandgap
• Photon Energy and Bandgap
• Material System Overview
• Quantum Efficiency as a Metric

Open chapter →

02

Light-Emitting Diodes (LED)

• Structure and Operating Principle
• Material Systems by Color
• Quantum Wells for Improved Efficiency
• Droop and Extraction Efficiency
• From Emission to Usable Light Output

Open chapter →

03

Laser Diodes

• From LED to Laser: Population Inversion and Stimulated Emission
• The Optical Resonator and Mode Formation
• Edge Emitters: Fabry-Pérot and DFB Lasers
• VCSEL: Structure and Advantages
• Material Systems and Applications

Open chapter →

04

Photodiodes & Photodetectors

• Operating Principle: pn and pin Photodiodes
• Key Parameters: Quantum Efficiency and Responsivity
• Avalanche Photodiode (APD)
• Material Choice by Wavelength Range
• Applications: Fiber-Optic Communication and Image Sensing

Open chapter →

05

Integration & Applications

• The Optical Transmission Chain
• Display Technology: LED Backlighting, µLED, and OLED Compared
• Sensing: LiDAR and Time-of-Flight
• Sensing: Pulse Oximetry and Proximity Sensors
• Photonic Integrated Circuits (PICs) – Outlook

Open chapter →

06

Fabrication of Optoelectronic Devices

• Epitaxy: MOCVD and MBE
• Mesa Patterning and Metallization
• Facet Formation in Edge Emitters
• Singulation and Packaging

Open chapter →

07

Solar Cells

• The Photovoltaic Effect: Basic Principle
• Internal Structure of a Si Solar Cell
• I-V Characteristics and Key Parameters
• Loss Mechanisms
• Material Systems and Cell Types

Open chapter →