Devices

01

Zener and Avalanche Diodes

• Controlled Breakdown as the Operating Principle
• The Zener Effect versus the Avalanche Effect
• Applications: Voltage Reference and Overvoltage Protection

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02

The Schottky Diode

• The Metal-Semiconductor Junction as a Rectifier
• Low Forward Voltage and Fast Switching
• Trade-offs and Applications

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03

The Tunnel Diode

• Extreme Doping Creates a Degenerate Junction
• Negative Differential Resistance
• Niche Applications Despite Being Superseded

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04

Thyristors and Triacs

• The Four-Layer p-n-p-n Structure
• Triggering Behavior and Holding Current
• The Triac as a Bidirectional Thyristor

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05

Field-Effect Transistor Families: An Overview

• Shared Operating Principle
• Depletion-Mode vs. Enhancement-Mode
• Comparison Table
• Context and Outlook

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06

Field-effect transistors

• Fundamentals
• Fabrication of an n-Channel FET

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07

Construction of a FinFET

• General structure and mode of operation
• Construction of a FinFET in a bulk process
• From FinFET to nanosheet

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08

The Junction FET (JFET)

• Structure
• Operation: Depletion Region and Pinch-off
• Output Characteristics
• Small-Signal Behavior
• Properties and Applications

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09

The Metal-Semiconductor FET (MESFET)

• Structure
• Operation: Schottky Barrier and Depletion Region
• Operating Modes: D-MESFET and E-MESFET
• Material System, Advantages and Drawbacks
• Applications and Outlook

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10

Bipolar transistors

• Fundamentals
• Fabrication of an NPN Bipolar Transistor

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11

Characteristic Curves and Transistor Equations

• Characteristic Curve Fields and Operating Point
• Characteristic Curves of the Bipolar Transistor
• Equations of the Bipolar Transistor
• Characteristic Curves of the MOSFET
• Equations of the MOSFET
• Small-Signal Parameters and Limits of the Models

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12

Si Power Devices (Power MOSFET, IGBT)

• The Si Power MOSFET: Structure and the R_DS(on) Dilemma
• Superjunction MOSFETs: Breaking the Classic Tradeoff
• The IGBT: Bipolar Amplification for High Voltages
• IGBT Generations: From Planar PT to Trench Field-Stop
• Silicon in System Comparison: Where the Established Technology Still Dominates

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13

CMOS vs. Bipolar

• Overview
• Operating Principle Compared
• Power Dissipation and Switching Behaviour
• Integration Density and Scaling
• Comparison Table

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14

Bulk vs. SOI

• Overview
• Structure Compared
• Parasitic Effects and Isolation
• Fabrication and Cost
• Comparison Table

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